{"id":2878,"date":"2016-07-13T18:09:34","date_gmt":"2016-07-13T15:09:34","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/?p=2878"},"modified":"2020-04-11T11:35:42","modified_gmt":"2020-04-11T08:35:42","slug":"fluxul-operational-evidenta-operativa-si-contabilitatea-unitatilor-de-vnzare-cu-amanuntul-care-tin-evidenta-global-valorica-a-marfurilor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/2016\/07\/13\/fluxul-operational-evidenta-operativa-si-contabilitatea-unitatilor-de-vnzare-cu-amanuntul-care-tin-evidenta-global-valorica-a-marfurilor\/","title":{"rendered":"Fluxul opera\u0163ional, eviden\u0163a operativ\u0103 \u015fi contabilitatea unit\u0103\u021bilor de v&acirc;nzare cu am\u0103nuntul care \u021bin eviden\u021ba global valoric\u0103 a m\u0103rfurilor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"right\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Anton Kovacs \u2013 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.infokam.eu\">www.infokam.eu<\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Spre deosebire de <\/font><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/2015\/11\/30\/fluxul-operational-evidenta-operativa-si-contabilitatea-operatiuniilor-de-productie\/\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">situa\u021bia \u00een care eviden\u021ba bunurilor se \u021bine cantitativ-valoric<\/font><\/a><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">, c\u00e2nd \u0219tim \u00eentotdeauna ce avem \u00een stoc, denumirea reperelor, cantitatea \u0219i pre\u021bul acestora, eviden\u021ba global-valoric\u0103 a m\u0103rfurilor ne permite s\u0103 \u0219tim \u00een orice moment care este valoarea m\u0103rfurilor din stoc, dar nu vom \u0219ti dec\u00e2t cu ocazia inventarierilor periodice ce repere avem \u00een stoc \u0219i nici cantit\u0103\u021bile acestora.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Ca s\u0103 \u00een\u021belegem mai bine, dac\u0103 \u00een situa\u021bia unei eviden\u021be cantitativ-valorice \u0219tim c\u0103 avem, de exemplu, 10 sticle de Cola, la pretul de 5 lei bucata \u0219i 8 napolitane la pre\u021bul de 1 leu\/bucat\u0103, deci o valoare de 58 lei, \u00een cazul eviden\u021bei global valorice vom \u0219ti c\u0103 avem \u00een magazin marf\u0103 \u00een valoare de 58 lei dar nu \u0219tim c\u00e2t\u0103 cola \u0219i c\u00e2te napolitane avem dec\u00e2t atunci c\u00e2nd facem un inventar.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Eviden\u021ba global valoric\u0103 este practicat\u0103 datorit\u0103 simplit\u0103\u021bii opera\u021biuniilor, \u00een general de c\u0103tre micile magazine de v\u00e2nzare cu am\u0103nuntul, a\u0219a numitele \u201cbutique-uri\u201d.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0924101.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"465\" title=\"0924101\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"0924101\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/0924101_thumb.png\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21-2.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"79\" title=\"text-separator-21\" style=\"border: 0px currentcolor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; background-image: none;\" alt=\"text-separator-21\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21_thumb-2.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<h1 align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">1. Inregistrarea achizi\u021biilor de m\u0103rfuri<\/font><\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Pentru exemplificare vom lua o factur\u0103 oarecare a unui furnizor:<\/font><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/factura.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"481\" title=\"factura\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"factura\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/factura_thumb.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">In primul r\u00e2nd facem nota de recep\u021bie (NIR-ul)<\/font><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/nir1.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"451\" title=\"nir1\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"nir1\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/nir1_thumb.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/nir2.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"300\" title=\"nir2\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"nir2\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/nir2_thumb.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Dac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m pe nota de recep\u021bie vom observa ni\u0219te coloane noi, care nu existau pe factur\u0103. <\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong>1. Pre\u021bul unitar de \u00eenregistrare<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Acesta este pre\u021bul la care vom vinde noi marfa respectiv\u0103.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Pentru a afla care ar trebui sa fie pre\u021bul de v\u00e2nzare.\u00eenregistrare va trebui s\u0103 ne facem ni\u0219te mici calcule, \u00een a\u0219a fel \u00eenc\u00e2t adaosul pentru o anumit\u0103 perioad\u0103 (ceea ce ad\u0103ug\u0103m la pre\u021bul de achizi\u021bie) s\u0103 ne acopere toate cheltuielile pentru acea perioad\u0103, salariile, chiria spa\u021biului, telefon, hartie de imprimant\u0103, curent, tot.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Din p\u0103cate pre\u021bul de v\u00e2nzare mai este dictat \u0219i de pia\u021b\u0103, nu vom putea vinde polonezul cu 50 lei\/kg dac\u0103 vecinul care are magazinul l\u00e2ng\u0103 noi \u00eel vinde cu 20 lei\/kg.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong>2. TVA-ul neexigibil.<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Acesta este TVA-ul aferent m\u0103rfii pe care o vom vinde. <\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Tva-ul neexigibil (contul 4428) nu se plate\u0219te \u0219i nici nu se deduce \u00een cursul perioadei, nu are leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu TVA-ul deductibil sau TVA-ul colectat (contul 4427) ci este un TVA pe care \u00eel calcul\u0103m pentru a \u0219ti c\u00e2t din valoarea m\u0103rfurilor pe care le avem \u00een magazin reprezint\u0103 de fapt TVA, a\u0219a cum calcul\u0103m adaosul, pentru a \u0219ti c\u00e2t din valoarea m\u0103rfurilor reprezint\u0103 ceea ce ne r\u0103m\u00e2ne atunci c\u00e2nd vom vinde aceste m\u0103rfuri.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Cum se calculeaz\u0103 acest TVA:<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Dac\u0103, de exemplu avem un telefon care la raftul magazinului nostru cost\u0103 100 lei, la un TVA de 20%, TVA-ul va fi (100&#215;20)\/120, adic\u0103 16.67.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Sau putem calcula invers, afl\u0103m valoarea f\u0103r\u0103 TVA 100\/1.20=83.33 iar TVA-ul va fi valoarea total\u0103-valoarea f\u0103r\u0103 TVA, adic\u0103 100-83.33=16.67<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">In majoritatea cazurilor aceste calcule le face \u201cprogramul\u201d, de aceea foarte multe persoane care se ocup\u0103 de eviden\u021ba magazinelor nici nu \u0219tiu s\u0103 le fac\u0103. Totu\u0219i nu este r\u0103u s\u0103 \u0219tim cu to\u021bii care este logica care se afl\u0103 \u00een spatele programelor, chiar nu este normal ca cineva s\u0103&nbsp; tr\u0103iasc\u0103 din contabilitate dar s\u0103 nu \u0219tie dec\u00e2t s\u0103 dea click-uri \u00eentr-un program.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><strong>3. Adaosul comercial<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Adaosul reprezint\u0103 banii care ne r\u0103m\u00e2n nou\u0103 dup\u0103 ce reu\u0219im s\u0103 vindem m\u0103rfurile respective.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">In cazul telefonului pe care \u00eel vindem cu 100 lei dar l-am cump\u0103rat cu 50 lei, adaosul va fi pre\u021bul de v\u00e2nzare (100 lei) \u2013 TVA neexigibil (16.67 lei) \u2013 pre\u021bul de achizi\u021bie (50 lei), adic\u0103 100-16.67-50=33.33 lei.<\/font><\/p>\n<table width=\"590\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"590\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><em>NIR-ul se va lista \u00een cel pu\u021bin dou\u0103 exemplare, unul va r\u0103m\u00e2ne obligatoriu la gestionar \u0219i va fi p\u0103strat la sediul punctului de lucru\/magazin, iar cel\u0103lalt, \u00een spatele c\u0103ruia va fi ata\u0219at\u0103 factura recep\u021bionat\u0103 va merge la contabilitate.<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21-3.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"79\" title=\"text-separator-21\" style=\"border: 0px currentcolor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; background-image: none;\" alt=\"text-separator-21\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21_thumb-3.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">P\u00e2n\u0103 aici ne-am ocupat de NIR, care face parte din munca gestionarului.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Urmeaz\u0103 \u00eenregistr\u0103rile contabile aferente cump\u0103r\u0103rilor de marf\u0103, care sunt treaba contabilului<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"2\"><font face=\"Arial\">1. Achizi\u021bia m\u0103rfurilor de la furnizor: <strong>371 &#8211;&nbsp; 401 = 118.80<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"2\"><font face=\"Arial\">2. TVA-ul aferent achizi\u021biei: <strong>4426 &#8211; 401 = 10.70<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"2\"><font face=\"Arial\">3. Inregistrarea TVA-ului neexigibil: <strong>371 &#8211; 4428 = 13.73<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font size=\"2\"><font face=\"Arial\">4. Inregistrarea adaosului comercial: <strong>371 \u2013 378 = 33.70<\/strong><\/font><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Dac\u0103 nota de recep\u021bie este f\u0103cut\u0103 cum trebuie vom reg\u0103si toate acest valori \u00eenscrise pe aceasta, contabilul nemaitrebuind dec\u00e2t s\u0103 le copieze, eventual s\u0103 le verifice.<\/font><\/p>\n<table width=\"601\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"589\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><em><\/em><\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><em>Dac\u0103 lucr\u0103m cu mai multe cote de TVA \u0219i\/sau mai multe gestiuni ar fi bine s\u0103 folosim analitice pentru conturile 371, 378, 4428 \u0219i 707, deoarece altfel mai t\u00e2rziu vom da din col\u021b \u00een col\u021b pentru c\u0103 nu vom mai \u0219ti c\u00e2t din TVA-ul neexigibil sau adaos apar\u021bine m\u0103rfurilor cu o anumit\u0103 cot\u0103 de TVA sau dintr-o anumit\u0103 gestiune.<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><em>Putem de exemplu s\u0103 stabilim analiticul 01 pentru m\u0103rfurile cu 20% TVA, 02 pentru m\u0103rfurile cu 9% TVA \u0219i 03 pentru m\u0103rfurile f\u0103r\u0103 TVA, \u0219i subanalitice 01-0n pentru gestiuni, dac\u0103 avem mai multe gestiuni. Av\u00e2nd o astfel de organizare, m\u0103rfurile cu 20% TVA din gestiunea 3 ar fi contate 371.01.03. Binein\u021beles, pentru a avea \u00een contabilitatea noastra ordine ca la Johannis \u00een \u0219pais vom avea acelea\u0219i analitice \u0219i la conturile 378, 4428 \u0219i 707.<\/em><\/font><font face=\"Arial\"><em><\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><em><br \/>\n<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">5. Presupunem c\u0103 factura de la furnizor a fost achitat\u0103 numerar, a\u0219a c\u0103 \u00eenregstr\u0103m plata furnizorului: <strong>401 \u2013 5311 = 129.50<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">Observ\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een contul 371 (M\u0103rfuri) am \u201cadunat\u201d at\u00e2t valoarea de achizi\u021bie a acestora, c\u00e2t \u0219i adaosul \u0219i TVA-ul neexigibil. Dac\u0103 adun\u0103m sumele reprezentate de adaos, TVA neexigibil \u0219i valoarea de achizi\u021bie ob\u021binem exact valoarea m\u0103rfurilor existente \u00een magazin <strong>(118.80+13.73+33.70=166.23)<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bal1-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"179\" title=\"bal1\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"bal1\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bal1_thumb-1.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"1\"><em>Balan\u021ba contabil\u0103 dup\u0103 operarea intr\u0103rii de marf\u0103<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21-4.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"76\" title=\"text-separator-21\" style=\"border: 0px currentcolor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; background-image: none;\" alt=\"text-separator-21\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21_thumb-4.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<h1 align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">2. Inregistrarea v\u00e2nz\u0103rilor de marf\u0103<\/font><\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\" size=\"2\">De regul\u0103 cei care \u021bin eviden\u021ba operativ\u0103 a micilor magazine de comer\u021b cu am\u0103nuntul \u00eenregistreaz\u0103 v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de marf\u0103 la sf\u00e2r\u0219iul zilei, pe baza raportului zilnic (Z) scos de casa de marcat.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/z.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"192\" height=\"244\" title=\"z\" style=\"margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; background-image: none;\" alt=\"z\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/z_thumb.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Valoarea \u00eenscris\u0103 pe \u201cZ\u201d este valoarea m\u0103rfurilor v\u00e2ndute de magazin \u00een cursul zilei.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21-5.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"79\" title=\"text-separator-21\" style=\"border: 0px currentcolor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; background-image: none;\" alt=\"text-separator-21\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21_thumb-5.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<h1 align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">3. Registrul de cas\u0103 \u0219i Raportul de gestiune<\/font><\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">La sf\u00e2r\u0219itul ziei, odat\u0103 \u00eenregistrate achizi\u021bile \u0219i v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de m\u0103rfuri putem lista\/completa registrul de cas\u0103<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/RC.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"597\" height=\"856\" title=\"RC\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"RC\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/RC_thumb.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Dac\u0103 ne uit\u0103m \u00een registrul de cas\u0103 vom constata c\u0103 la \u00eenceputul zilei aveam 600 lei, am pl\u0103tit furnizorului 129.50 lei, am \u00eencasat 92.10 lei iar la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul zilei avem \u00een sertar suma de 562.60 lei. Dac\u0103 am lucrat corect, num\u0103r\u0103m banii din sertar \u0219i vom constata c\u0103 avem fix valoarea \u00eenscris\u0103 \u00een Registrul de cas\u0103.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Vom lista\/completa \u0219i raportul de gestiune<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/RG.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"342\" title=\"RG\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"RG\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/RG_thumb.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Uit\u00e2nd-ne pe raportul de gestiune constat\u0103m c\u0103 la \u00eenceputul zilei nu aveam marf\u0103 \u00een magazin, am \u00eenc\u0103rcat gestiunea cu marf\u0103 \u00een valoare de 166.23 lei, am v\u00e2ndut marf\u0103 de 92.10 lei \u0219i la ora \u00eenchiderii mai avem \u00een magazin marf\u0103 de 74.13 lei.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Intotdeauna soldul raportului de gestiune trebuie s\u0103 fie riguros egal cu valoarea m\u0103rfurilor din magazin.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"590\" border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"5\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"590\" valign=\"top\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><em>La fel ca \u0219i NIR-ul, Registrul de Cas\u0103 \u0219i Raportul de gestiune vor fi listate \u00een c\u00e2te dou\u0103 exemplare, din care unul va r\u0103m\u00e2ne la gestionar \u0219i va fi p\u0103strat la sediul punctului de lucru\/magazin, iar cel de-al 2-lea va merge la contabilitate.<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><em>In spatele exemplarului pentru contabilitate al registrului de cas\u0103 se vor ata\u0219a documentele de plat\u0103\/\u00eencasare, \u00een ordinea \u00een care sunt \u00eenscrise \u00een registrul de cas\u0103.<\/em><\/font><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21-6.jpg\"><font face=\"Arial\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"240\" height=\"79\" title=\"text-separator-21\" style=\"border: 0px currentcolor; border-image: none; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; float: none; display: block; background-image: none;\" alt=\"text-separator-21\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/text-separator-21_thumb-6.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/font><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Dup\u0103 ce a listat \u0219i raportul de gestiune \u0219i a dat o m\u0103tur\u0103 prin magazin v\u00e2nz\u0103toarea a plecat acas\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 doamna contabil\u0103 poate lini\u0219tit\u0103 s\u0103 conteze v\u00e2nz\u0103rile de marf\u0103 (de regul\u0103 va face acest lucru o dat\u0103 pe lun\u0103, la sf\u00e2r\u0219itul lunii sau \u00een primele zile ale lunii urm\u0103toare).<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Pentru aceasta va trebui s\u0103 calculeze c\u00e2t din toat\u0103 marfa v\u00e2ndut\u0103 reprezint\u0103 TVA neexigibil, c\u0103t reprezint\u0103 adaos comercial \u0219i c\u00e2t reprezint\u0103 valoarea m\u0103rfii de la furnizor.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Incepem cu TVA-ul neexigibil, folosind formula care am folosit-o \u0219i la \u00eenregistrarea cump\u0103r\u0103rii:<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Stim c\u0103 valoarea m\u0103rfii v\u00e2ndute este de 92.10 lei, iar cota de TVA este de 9%.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Vom avea (92.10 x 9)\/109=7.60 <\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">sau<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">valoarea f\u0103r\u0103 TVA =92.10\/1.09=84.50, de unde rezulta TVA-ul care este valoarea total\u0103 \u2013 valoarea f\u0103r\u0103 TVA = 92.10-84.50=7.60<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Pentru c\u0103 am v\u00e2ndut o parte din marf\u0103 vom \u201csc\u0103dea\u201d \u0219i conturile de TVA neexigibil \u0219i adaos propor\u021bional cu valoarea m\u0103rfii v\u00e2ndute.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Formula contabil\u0103 va fi exact i<\/font><font face=\"Arial\">nvers de la cump\u0103rare, dac\u0103 atunci am \u201cadunat\u201d TVA-un neexigibil \u00een contul de m\u0103rfuri acum \u00eel vom sc\u0103dea (s\u0103 nu uit\u0103m c\u0103 \u00een contabilitate \u201csensul mi\u0219c\u0103rii valorilor\u201d se scrie de la dreapta spre st\u00e2nga) : <strong>4428-371=7.60<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<h1 align=\"center\">*<\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Urmeaz\u0103 calculul adaosului comercial aferent celor 92.10 lei, ceea ce e mai complicat deoarece avem nevoie de regula de 3 simpl\u0103.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Deci, dac\u0103 la un sold de 166.23 lei marf\u0103 aveam un sold de 33.70 lei \u00een contul de adaos, oare c\u00e2t adaos vom avea la 92.10?<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">P\u0103i, <\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">33.70 lei adaos \/ 166.23 lei marf\u0103= 0.20273 lei adaos pentru fiecare leu marf\u0103<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">A<\/font><font face=\"Arial\">sta \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 la 92.10 lei marf\u0103 adaosul reprezint\u0103 92.10&#215;0.20273=18.67 lei.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Cei 0.20273 lei sunt numi\u021bi de c\u0103tre contabili \u201cCoeficientul K\u201d. Calculul K este considerat ceva foarte complicat, noroc c\u0103-l fac programele automat.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Intotdeauna vom calcula coeficientul K cu minim 4 zecimale, deoarece \u00een caz contrar este posibil ca dup\u0103 un timp sa constat\u0103m c\u0103 gestiunea nu a fost descarcat\u0103 corect.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Scriem \u0219i formula pentru \u201csc\u0103derea\u201d adaosului din marfa r\u0103mas\u0103: <strong>378\u2013371=18.67<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<h1 align=\"center\">*<\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">R\u0103m\u00e2ne s\u0103 afl\u0103m c\u00e2t din marfa v\u00e2ndut\u0103 reprezint\u0103 de fapt costul m\u0103rfii cump\u0103rate de la furnizor, adic\u0103 c\u00e2t ne-a costat de fapt pe noi marfa v\u00e2ndut\u0103.&nbsp; Aceasta este total v\u00e2nz\u0103ri \u2013 tva neexigibil \u2013 adaos aferent = 92.10-7.60-18.67=65.83<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Scriem formula: <strong>607-371=65.83<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">In final contabila va \u00eenregistra venitul ob\u021binut de firm\u0103, adic\u0103 valoarea m\u0103rfii v\u00e2ndute-TVA \u0219i TVA-ul aferent<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><strong>5311-707= 84.50<\/strong> (valoarea m\u0103rfii v\u00e2ndute \u2013TVA, adic\u0103 92.10-7.60)<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><strong>5311-4427= 7.60<\/strong> lei TVA<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><strong>Grupul de opera\u021biuni prin care sc\u0103dem din contul de marf\u0103 TVA-ul neexigibil, adaosul comercial \u0219i pre\u021bul de achizi\u021bie aferente valorii m\u0103rfurilor v\u00e2ndute se nume\u0219te \u201cDesc\u0103rcarea gestiunii\u201d<\/strong><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Dup\u0103 ce am efectuat toate opera\u021biuniile descrise mai sus \u0219i am \u00eenchis conturile de cheltuieli, de venituri \u0219i de TVA Registrul Jurnal \u00een care sunt \u00eenscrise toate formulele contabile descrise mai sus trebui s\u0103 arate cam a\u0219a:<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jurnal-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"364\" title=\"jurnal\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"jurnal\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/jurnal_thumb-1.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Si tragem concluziile ca s\u0103 \u0219tim ce-I povestim la dom\u2019 patron dac\u0103 ne \u00eentreab\u0103 cum merge firma sa:<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Ast\u0103zi am v\u00e2ndut marf\u0103 de 92.10 lei, pentru care am pl\u0103ti<\/font><font face=\"Arial\">t furnizorului suma de 65.93 lei, d\u0103m statului TVA \u00een valoare de 7.60 lei \u0219i nou\u0103 ne r\u0103m\u00e2ne suma de 18.67 lei.<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">In magazin mai avem marf\u0103 \u00een valoare de 74.13 lei (soldul contului 371), din care TVA-ul pe care \u00eel vom pl\u0103ti statului \u00een momentul v\u00e2nz\u0103rii este de 6.13 lei (soldul contului 4428) iar nou\u0103 ne va r\u0103m\u00e2ne \u00een momentul v\u00e2nz\u0103rii adaosul de 15.03 lei (soldul contului 378 dup\u0103 efectuarea opera\u021biuniilor de desc\u0103rcare a gestiunii pentru perioada descris\u0103 mai sus).<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">A\u0219a va ar\u0103ta balan\u021ba noastr\u0103 de verificare<\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bal2-1.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"423\" title=\"bal2\" style=\"display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"bal2\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/bal2_thumb-1.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">In final verific\u0103m ca soldul contului 371 s\u0103 fie identic cu soldul din raportul de gestiune, verific\u0103m ca soldul contului 5311 s\u0103 fie identic cu soldul din registrul de cas\u0103. <\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\">Asta a fost tot <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-smile\" alt=\"Smile\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/09\/wlEmoticon-smile-1.png\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\">\n<p align=\"justify\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.infokam.ro\/marks\/marks.php\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"596\" height=\"221\" title=\"marks2\" style=\"border: 0px currentcolor; border-image: none; display: inline; background-image: none;\" alt=\"marks2\" src=\"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/07\/marks2.jpg\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\"><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><br \/>\n<\/font><\/p>\n<p><font face=\"Arial\"><\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Anton Kovacs \u2013 www.infokam.eu Spre deosebire de situa\u021bia \u00een care eviden\u021ba bunurilor se \u021bine cantitativ-valoric, c\u00e2nd \u0219tim \u00eentotdeauna ce avem \u00een stoc, denumirea reperelor, cantitatea \u0219i pre\u021bul acestora, eviden\u021ba global-valoric\u0103 a m\u0103rfurilor ne permite s\u0103 \u0219tim \u00een orice moment care este valoarea m\u0103rfurilor din stoc, dar nu vom \u0219ti dec\u00e2t cu ocazia inventarierilor periodice ce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[311,308,229,76,309,310,10],"class_list":["post-2878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-contabilitate","tag-adaos","tag-marfa-en-detail","tag-marks","tag-nir","tag-raport-de-gestiune","tag-registru-de-casa","tag-tva"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2878"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2878\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5887,"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2878\/revisions\/5887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/infokam.eu\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}